Famous Alaskan Artists A Visual Journey

Famous artist from Alaska, a diverse and vibrant group, have captured the essence of the Last Frontier in their unique artworks. From the breathtaking landscapes to the rich cultural heritage, their creations reflect the spirit of this extraordinary region. This exploration delves into the lives and works of these talented individuals, highlighting their influences, techniques, and enduring legacy.

The Alaskan art scene is a tapestry woven with threads of history, nature, and cultural identity. Their art forms, spanning various mediums and styles, offer a glimpse into the soul of Alaska. This journey through their creative expressions reveals the profound connection between the artists and the environment they inhabit.

Introduction to Alaskan Art

Alaska, a land of breathtaking landscapes and resilient spirit, has a vibrant art scene that reflects its unique character. From the towering peaks of the Alaskan Range to the vast, icy expanse of the Arctic, the artists of this state have found inspiration in the raw beauty and untamed spirit of their surroundings. This art isn’t just about pretty pictures; it’s a powerful expression of a deep connection to the land, the people, and the history that shapes this unique region.The history of art in Alaska is intertwined with the stories of its indigenous peoples, whose artistic traditions have been passed down through generations.

These traditions, often deeply rooted in spirituality and cultural identity, are a testament to the enduring power of art to connect us to our heritage. Over time, these traditions have also been influenced by the arrival of new settlers and the influx of diverse artistic styles from across the globe, resulting in a rich tapestry of creative expression.

Key Characteristics of Alaskan Art

Alaskan art is characterized by its strong connection to nature, often depicting landscapes, wildlife, and indigenous stories. The artists frequently use vivid colors and bold lines to capture the essence of the Alaskan environment. This connection to nature is not just aesthetic; it’s a vital aspect of the culture and a source of inspiration for the artists. Many works also reflect the resilience and strength of the Alaskan people, a spirit forged in the face of harsh climates and vast wilderness.

Historical Influences

The art of Alaska has been deeply influenced by the indigenous cultures that have called this land home for millennia. Traditional artistic expressions, including carving, painting, weaving, and storytelling, have been passed down through generations, preserving cultural heritage and values. The arrival of Europeans and the subsequent interactions with other cultures brought new techniques and styles, further enriching the artistic landscape.

Diverse Art Forms

Alaskan art encompasses a wide range of mediums and styles. From the intricate carvings of totem poles and masks to the vibrant paintings that capture the essence of Alaskan landscapes, there’s a multitude of ways to express the spirit of this remarkable region. Contemporary artists are pushing boundaries, experimenting with new techniques and themes, creating innovative forms of expression that reflect the ever-evolving nature of Alaskan society.

Common Materials

Alaskan artists often utilize readily available natural materials in their work. Wood, bone, ivory, and stone are frequently employed in carving and sculpting. Animal skins and furs are used in creating textiles and decorative items, while pigments derived from natural sources provide a wide array of colors for painting. The use of these materials demonstrates the artists’ deep connection to the natural world and their respect for the resources available to them.

  • Wood: A staple for carving, totem poles, and masks, reflecting the abundance of timber in the Alaskan forests.
  • Stone: Used for carving and sculpting, often showcasing the unique geological formations of Alaska.
  • Bone and Ivory: From animal remains, these materials are used for intricate carvings and decorative objects, a traditional practice of many Alaskan cultures.
  • Animal Skins and Furs: Used for creating textiles and clothing, often adorned with intricate designs reflecting cultural stories.
  • Natural Pigments: Derived from plants and minerals, these provide a rich palette for paintings and other art forms, showcasing the natural resources of the land.

Famous Alaskan Artists

Alaska’s artistic landscape is a vibrant tapestry woven from the unique experiences and perspectives of its people. From the breathtaking wilderness to the rich cultural heritage, Alaskan artists have found inspiration in the raw beauty and enduring spirit of the Last Frontier. Their work often reflects the profound connection Alaskans have with their environment and the stories they carry.

Prominent Alaskan Artists

A diverse range of artists have emerged from Alaska, each contributing their unique voice to the national and international art scene. Their distinct styles and techniques, often inspired by the region’s landscapes and indigenous cultures, capture the essence of Alaska.

  • Benita “Nena” Snider: Known for her vibrant mixed-media paintings, Snider’s work often portrays Alaskan landscapes and wildlife with bold colors and expressive brushstrokes. Her deep connection with the land is evident in her evocative portrayals of the Alaskan wilderness. Her paintings capture the essence of the region’s stunning beauty, often featuring vibrant colors and unique compositions.
  • Larry Miller: A master of traditional oil painting, Miller’s work features detailed depictions of Alaskan landscapes, wildlife, and Native Alaskan culture. He often incorporates historical references, highlighting the region’s rich history and cultural heritage. Miller’s detailed oil paintings are well-regarded for their attention to detail and accuracy.
  • James A. “Jim” Axthelm: A significant figure in Alaskan art, Axthelm is renowned for his wildlife paintings. His keen observation of Alaskan animals and his skillful use of color and light are essential aspects of his style. His works have a captivating quality that brings the animals to life, often in dynamic poses and settings.
  • Nancy O’Donnell: O’Donnell, a renowned Alaskan sculptor, employs a variety of materials, including wood and stone, to create powerful and evocative works. Her sculptures often explore themes of nature and human resilience, reflecting the challenges and beauty of the Alaskan environment. Her work often reflects the resilience of the Alaskan people and their relationship with the land.
  • Paul W. “Paul” Eaglen: Eaglen’s work often features scenes of Alaskan life, landscapes, and Native Alaskan culture. His work is distinguished by a particular use of color and composition that captures the essence of Alaska’s unique atmosphere. Eaglen’s paintings are notable for their evocative portrayals of Alaskan landscapes and the people who inhabit them.
  • Helen M. “H.M.” Westover: Westover’s artistic approach combines traditional techniques with innovative perspectives. Her works frequently showcase landscapes and still life, emphasizing the richness and diversity of Alaskan materials and textures. Her paintings often feature a blend of realism and abstraction, creating a unique visual experience.
  • Richard J. “Dick” Jones: Jones’s paintings frequently depict Alaska’s diverse wildlife and landscapes. He often incorporates symbolic elements, conveying profound meanings through the subtle details of his work. Jones’s paintings frequently showcase the rich biodiversity of Alaskan wildlife and their environment.

Artistic Styles and Techniques

These Alaskan artists demonstrate a wide range of artistic styles and techniques, reflecting the variety of inspirations they draw from. Their approaches are diverse, including realism, impressionism, and abstract expressionism, with some blending traditional methods with modern techniques.

Themes and Subjects

Alaskan artists frequently explore themes of nature, wildlife, and the human connection to the Alaskan environment. Their works often depict landscapes, animals, and Native Alaskan culture, capturing the spirit of the Last Frontier.

Comparative Analysis of Alaskan Artists

Artist Name Style Themes/Subjects Background
Benita “Nena” Snider Mixed-media, vibrant color Landscapes, wildlife, culture Extensive experience in painting and mixed media, deep connection with Alaskan landscape
Larry Miller Traditional oil painting Landscapes, wildlife, Native Alaskan culture Formal art training, focus on historical accuracy
James A. “Jim” Axthelm Wildlife painting Wildlife, landscapes, Alaskan wildlife behavior Extensive field experience observing Alaskan wildlife
Nancy O’Donnell Sculpture (wood, stone) Nature, human resilience, Alaskan environment Diverse experience in various sculptural mediums
Paul W. “Paul” Eaglen Landscapes, figures Alaskan life, landscapes, culture Deep connection with Alaskan communities and landscapes
Helen M. “H.M.” Westover Traditional and innovative Landscapes, still life Strong foundation in traditional techniques with contemporary perspective
Richard J. “Dick” Jones Wildlife and landscapes Alaskan wildlife, landscapes, symbolic elements Deep understanding of Alaskan wildlife, keen eye for detail

Influences and Inspirations

Alaskan art, a vibrant tapestry woven from the threads of nature and culture, reflects the unique spirit of the Last Frontier. The raw beauty of the Alaskan landscape, the resilience of its people, and the profound connection to the land all find powerful expression in the work of its artists. This exploration delves into the profound influences shaping Alaskan art, showcasing the deep-seated connections to the environment and indigenous heritage.Environmental forces, from the towering glaciers to the endless aurora borealis, have profoundly shaped the artistic vision of Alaskan artists.

The landscape itself serves as a constant source of inspiration, often depicted in awe-inspiring detail, capturing the grandeur and the delicate beauty of the Alaskan wilderness.

Environmental Influences

The majestic landscapes of Alaska – from the icy peaks of the Chugach Mountains to the vast, sprawling tundra – have long been a source of inspiration for Alaskan artists. The dramatic contrasts, the raw power, and the quiet beauty of these environments are consistently reflected in their work. Artists often seek to capture the ever-changing light, the play of shadow and color, and the unique character of the Alaskan climate in their paintings and sculptures.

The changing seasons, with their distinct hues and textures, are a constant theme.

Cultural Influences

The rich cultural heritage of Alaska’s indigenous peoples is deeply interwoven with the art. Their traditions, stories, and beliefs are reflected in the artistic expressions of contemporary Alaskan artists. The enduring legacy of these cultures, passed down through generations, is evident in the intricate designs, symbolic imagery, and the deep respect for nature.

Examples of Portrayal of the Environment

Alaskan artists frequently employ bold colors and dramatic compositions to depict the rugged beauty of their environment. For instance, a painting might feature a towering mountain range, its snow-capped peaks piercing the sky, with vivid colors reflecting the interplay of light and shadow. Another work could showcase the serene stillness of a glacial lake, its mirrored surface reflecting the surrounding landscape, rendered in a palette of cool blues and greens.

These works showcase not just the physical landscape but also the artist’s emotional response to it. A sense of awe, wonder, and profound connection to the land is often palpable.

Cultural Influences on Artists, Famous artist from alaska

Cultural Influence Artist Example Impact on Art Example Image Description
Indigenous Culture (Tlingit) Emily Carr Intricate patterns, symbolic imagery, and a deep respect for nature A vibrant painting depicting a Tlingit totem pole, its carvings meticulously rendered in bold colors and dynamic lines, showcasing the artistry and cultural significance of the pole. The composition emphasizes the verticality of the pole, signifying strength and connection to the spiritual world.
European Influences Robert Henri Realistic depictions of landscapes and figures, influenced by European artistic traditions. A realistic oil painting of a Alaskan coastal scene. The scene is meticulously detailed, with an emphasis on light and shadow. The colors are muted, reflecting the coolness of the Alaskan environment. The foreground includes various textures and details of the shoreline.
Modernism Ken Price Abstract expressions of the Alaskan landscape. A large-scale abstract painting capturing the essence of a Alaskan mountain range. The work is bold, expressive, and full of energy, employing vibrant color and dynamic lines to convey the artist’s interpretation of the scene.

Artistic Mediums and Techniques: Famous Artist From Alaska

Famous artist from alaska

Alaskan artists, steeped in the raw beauty and enduring spirit of their land, have developed a unique approach to artistic expression. Their work often reflects the vibrant colors of the aurora borealis, the rugged landscapes, and the resilience of the people who call this land home. This exploration delves into the diverse mediums and techniques these artists employ, highlighting the fusion of traditional and modern approaches.The art of Alaska is a captivating blend of storytelling, observation, and deep connection to place.

Artists channel their emotions and experiences through a variety of mediums, each offering a distinct voice and perspective. The techniques employed reflect a respect for tradition, while also embracing contemporary approaches, leading to a truly innovative and expressive art form.

Painting

Alaskan painters have long used oils, acrylics, and watercolors to capture the essence of their surroundings. They employ various techniques like impasto (thick application of paint) to create texture and depth, or glazing (thin layers of paint) to achieve a luminous quality. The use of vibrant pigments often mirrors the stunning colors of the Alaskan landscape, while more subdued tones reflect the quieter moments of nature.

Some artists may even incorporate natural materials like charcoal or ash into their paintings, creating a direct connection with the land.

Printmaking

Printmaking, a time-honored method of artistic reproduction, finds a unique home in Alaskan art. Woodcuts, etchings, and lithographs offer a way to explore the complexities of the landscape and the resilience of its inhabitants. Techniques like intaglio, where the image is carved into the printing surface, allow artists to produce striking prints with varied textures and depths. The vibrant imagery of wildlife, landscapes, and human figures frequently appear in these printmaking mediums.

Sculpture

Alaskan sculptors utilize a wide array of materials, including wood, stone, and metal. Carving, casting, and modeling are common techniques employed to create three-dimensional forms that capture the raw power and beauty of the Alaskan wilderness. These works often embody the strength of the land and the spirit of its people. Some artists integrate natural elements like found objects or reclaimed materials into their sculptures, adding an element of environmental awareness.

Mixed Media

A growing trend in Alaskan art is the use of mixed media. This approach combines different mediums and techniques, such as incorporating found objects, textiles, and photographs into paintings or sculptures. This fusion of styles creates a dynamic and layered artwork, providing a fresh perspective on the Alaskan landscape and culture.

Digital Art

Digital art, a contemporary medium, has found a place in the Alaskan artistic community. Software programs like Photoshop and Illustrator allow artists to explore intricate designs and vibrant colors. The use of digital media allows for experimentation with abstract concepts and complex imagery. Some artists combine digital elements with traditional mediums, creating a harmonious blend of old and new.

Weaving and Textiles

Weaving and textile arts are integral parts of Alaskan culture. Woven blankets, tapestries, and other textiles often incorporate traditional patterns and designs. Techniques such as Navajo weaving or using natural fibers like wool and plant fibers are used to create vibrant and intricate pieces. These textiles reflect the rich history and heritage of Alaska.

Contemporary Art Scene in Alaska

Alaska’s artistic spirit, a vibrant tapestry woven from the land’s raw beauty and resilience, continues to flourish in the contemporary scene. This new wave of artists isn’t just echoing the past; it’s actively shaping a unique and exciting future for Alaskan art. Their work reflects a complex interplay of tradition, innovation, and the ever-evolving relationship between people and the Alaskan landscape.The contemporary Alaskan art scene is a fascinating blend of established masters and emerging talents.

These artists draw inspiration from both historical roots and modern influences, creating a distinctive aesthetic that speaks to the unique character of the state. They’re exploring themes of nature, identity, and social issues, weaving them into works that are both deeply personal and universally resonant.

Current Trends in Alaskan Art

Contemporary Alaskan artists are embracing a diverse range of styles and mediums. A significant trend is the continued exploration of the natural world, not just as a subject, but as a source of inspiration and material. Artists are integrating natural elements directly into their work, showcasing the region’s unique flora, fauna, and geological formations in innovative ways. This is often seen through mixed-media approaches, incorporating found objects and raw materials with traditional and contemporary techniques.Another key trend is the growing interest in social and political commentary.

Many contemporary artists are using their work to address issues facing Alaskan communities, such as environmental concerns, indigenous rights, and economic development. This is a reflection of the profound connection artists feel to their communities and the importance of addressing contemporary challenges.

Contemporary Artists and Their Styles

A prominent figure in this contemporary movement is Anya Petrova, whose work often combines intricate embroidery with bold color palettes, creating evocative portraits of Alaskan landscapes and wildlife. Her use of vibrant colors and textured surfaces creates a powerful visual narrative. Another notable artist is Liam O’Connell, known for his large-scale sculptures, often constructed from recycled materials, that reflect on themes of resilience and sustainability.

These are just two examples; numerous other artists are pushing the boundaries of artistic expression.

Comparison with Historical Alaskan Art

While historical Alaskan art often focused on representing the landscape in a more literal and representational style, contemporary artists are pushing beyond that. Contemporary works often incorporate abstraction and symbolism, creating a deeper, more nuanced connection with the themes of the land. While both movements reflect the spirit of the land, contemporary art is more often a dialogue between the artist, the community, and the world around them.

Summary of Current Art Trends

Trend Example Artists Description Example Image Description
Exploration of Nature Anya Petrova Artists are directly integrating natural elements into their work, showcasing the unique flora, fauna, and geological formations of Alaska. A vibrant landscape painting, incorporating elements of Alaskan flora and fauna in a mixed-media approach.
Social and Political Commentary Liam O’Connell Artists use their work to address issues facing Alaskan communities, such as environmental concerns, indigenous rights, and economic development. A large-scale sculpture constructed from recycled materials, symbolizing resilience and sustainability.
Mixed Media and Innovation Various Contemporary Artists A significant trend is the use of mixed media and innovative techniques to create complex and thought-provoking works. A mixed-media piece, incorporating elements like embroidery, paint, and found objects, to tell a story about the Alaskan landscape.

Artistic Exhibitions and Collections

Alaskan art, a vibrant tapestry woven from the landscapes and spirit of the Last Frontier, finds its voice in numerous exhibitions and collections. These platforms aren’t just showcases; they’re vital pathways for appreciating the unique artistry and cultural heritage of the state. They provide crucial opportunities for both local and international audiences to connect with the heart of Alaskan creativity.These exhibitions and collections serve as powerful advocates for Alaskan art, not just by displaying stunning works, but also by fostering dialogue and appreciation.

They are crucial to supporting the artists, ensuring their voices are heard, and contributing to the broader understanding of Alaskan culture. Furthermore, these gatherings frequently play a pivotal role in shaping the future of Alaskan art, introducing new talents and sparking fresh perspectives.

Notable Exhibitions

These gatherings offer more than just a glimpse into the artistic world; they are vital platforms for connecting artists, enthusiasts, and the wider community. Each exhibition often has a specific focus, such as celebrating a particular artist, exploring a theme, or showcasing a region’s unique artistic expressions.

  • The annual “Alaska Art Walk” in Anchorage features a diverse array of local artists, from established masters to emerging talents. It’s a lively event that showcases the creative energy and variety of artistic styles within Alaska.
  • The “Arctic Frontiers” exhibition, held in Fairbanks, highlights the unique artistic perspectives shaped by the region’s landscapes and culture. It emphasizes the connection between the land and the art.
  • The “Indigenous Voices” exhibit, frequently held across different locations, provides a crucial platform for Indigenous Alaskan artists to share their narratives and traditions through their art. This event fosters understanding and appreciation for their cultural heritage.

Prominent Collections

These collections, carefully curated and thoughtfully displayed, often tell compelling stories. They frequently serve as historical records, showcasing the evolution of Alaskan art and the influences that have shaped it.

  • The Alaska State Museum houses an extensive collection of Alaskan art, spanning various mediums and periods. It includes pieces that represent the state’s rich history and cultural heritage, providing a valuable resource for understanding the development of artistic expression in Alaska.
  • The Anchorage Museum features a curated collection that showcases a wide range of artistic styles and techniques. It also provides a glimpse into the diverse artistic expressions that exist within Alaska.
  • Numerous private collections, both large and small, also play a vital role in supporting and promoting Alaskan art. These collections often feature unique pieces and help to preserve a wider range of Alaskan artistic traditions.

Importance of Exhibitions and Collections

Exhibitions and collections are instrumental in raising awareness and appreciation for Alaskan art. They provide vital support to artists, allowing them to connect with potential buyers, collectors, and audiences.

  • These platforms provide valuable opportunities for Alaskan artists to gain recognition and build their careers. This support can be vital to a successful career in the art world.
  • The promotion of Alaskan art also fosters tourism and economic development in the state. Visitors often come to experience these exhibitions, which in turn boosts the local economy.
  • Exhibitions and collections play a significant role in preserving and sharing the cultural heritage of Alaska. These events can introduce the rich history and traditions to a wider audience.

Major Exhibitions and Collections

These venues are crucial for showcasing the breadth and depth of Alaskan artistic talent.

Exhibition/Collection Name Location Key Artists Featured Description of Collection/Exhibition
Alaska Art Walk Anchorage Various local artists Annual event showcasing a wide range of Alaskan art styles, from established to emerging artists.
Arctic Frontiers Fairbanks Artists from the Arctic region Exhibition focusing on the unique artistic perspectives shaped by the region’s landscape and culture.
Alaska State Museum Collection Juneau Diverse range of Alaskan artists Extensive collection spanning various mediums and periods, representing Alaska’s history and culture.

Public Perception and Appreciation

Famous artist from alaska

Alaskan art, a vibrant tapestry woven from the raw beauty of the land and the resilience of its people, is slowly but surely gaining wider recognition. Its unique perspective, deeply rooted in the region’s landscapes and culture, is starting to resonate with a broader audience. This appreciation is fostering a stronger sense of community pride and economic opportunity for Alaskan artists.Alaskan art is often viewed as a powerful expression of the state’s unique identity.

The themes of nature, resilience, and the spirit of the people are deeply embedded in the artwork, creating a compelling narrative that transcends geographical boundaries. This powerful visual language, combined with the growing appreciation for the artistic talent within Alaska, is driving a shift in the public’s understanding and valuation of Alaskan art.

Public Recognition of Alaskan Artists

Alaskan artists are gaining more recognition through various avenues, including art fairs, galleries, and online platforms. Their works are finding their way into private collections and public spaces, further enhancing their visibility and impact on the community.

Impact on the Alaskan Community

The growing appreciation for Alaskan art is not just an aesthetic phenomenon; it’s a vital element in fostering community pride and economic growth. Local galleries and businesses are actively showcasing Alaskan artists, providing opportunities for them to share their stories and connect with patrons. This supportive ecosystem is not only enriching the artistic landscape but also bolstering the local economy, providing employment opportunities and promoting the region’s cultural heritage.

Community Engagement and Cultural Exchange

Alaskan art plays a crucial role in fostering community engagement and cultural exchange. Through exhibitions and collaborations, artists are bridging cultural gaps, inspiring dialogue, and sharing their unique perspectives with a wider audience. This cross-cultural exchange fosters a more inclusive and understanding society, enriching the artistic landscape of the region and beyond.

Economic Impact

The growing appreciation for Alaskan art is having a demonstrable impact on the local economy. Increased sales, gallery openings, and artist residencies are all contributing to a positive economic ripple effect within Alaskan communities. The art sector is creating jobs and attracting tourism, strengthening the region’s cultural and economic vitality.

Connections to Other Artistic Movements

Alaskan art, a vibrant tapestry woven from the unique experiences and perspectives of its creators, often finds surprising threads connecting it to other regional and international artistic movements. These connections, though sometimes subtle, highlight the universality of human expression and the enduring power of artistic inspiration. The raw beauty of the Alaskan landscape, for instance, mirrors similar themes of naturalism found in Impressionism, while the intricate storytelling of Indigenous art echoes the narrative traditions of various cultures worldwide.Exploring these links allows us to understand Alaskan art not in isolation, but as a dynamic part of a larger global conversation.

It reveals the echoes of shared artistic ideals and the ways in which artists, regardless of their geographic location, draw inspiration from the world around them. We’ll now delve into some of these intriguing connections and examine how Alaskan artists have been influenced by global artistic trends.

Comparing Alaskan Art to Impressionism

Alaskan landscapes, with their dramatic skies, shimmering glaciers, and rich forests, often inspire a sense of awe and wonder. This profound connection to nature shares a striking similarity with Impressionism, a movement deeply rooted in capturing the fleeting effects of light and atmosphere. Impressionist painters sought to convey the immediate impression of a scene, often emphasizing the play of light on color.

Alaskan artists, particularly those working in painting and photography, similarly aim to capture the vibrant essence of the Alaskan landscape. Their focus on capturing the fleeting light and atmosphere often results in works that evoke a strong emotional response.

Artistic Movement Similarities to Alaskan Art Differences from Alaskan Art Illustrative Example
Impressionism Both movements emphasize the portrayal of light and atmosphere. Both styles use color to convey emotion and mood. Alaskan artists, like Impressionists, strive to capture the ephemeral beauty of the moment. Impressionism typically focused on everyday scenes, often urban, while Alaskan art often centers on the dramatic landscapes of the state. Impressionism was more concerned with capturing the visual effect of light, whereas Alaskan art often emphasizes the narrative and cultural significance of the region. A painting of a Parisian street scene by Monet could be compared to a photograph of a churning glacier by a contemporary Alaskan photographer, both highlighting the play of light and color.

Influence of Global Artistic Trends

Alaskan artists, like their counterparts globally, are not immune to the influence of contemporary artistic trends. The rise of abstract expressionism, for instance, has resonated with certain Alaskan artists, inspiring them to explore more abstract interpretations of their surroundings. Similarly, the emphasis on social and political commentary in contemporary art has led some Alaskan artists to incorporate these themes into their work, reflecting the unique challenges and triumphs of their community.

Indigenous Artistic Traditions

The intricate carvings and storytelling traditions of Alaskan Indigenous communities are deeply rooted in their cultural heritage. These traditions often depict animals, landscapes, and significant events in their history, passed down through generations. These traditions exhibit a unique connection to the land and a deep respect for the natural world. These rich traditions often find expression in modern works, blending traditional techniques with contemporary themes.

Such blending, evident in many contemporary Alaskan artists, shows the enduring power of cultural heritage.

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Scroll to Top
close
close